Chronic liver failure is a gradual deterioration of liver function that occurs over a period of months or years. The liver is a vital organ responsible for many important functions in the body, including filtering toxins, producing bile to aid in digestion, and regulating the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. When the liver is damaged, it may be unable to perform these functions effectively, leading to a buildup of harmful substances in the body and a range of symptoms and complications.
There are several signs that may indicate chronic liver failure. Some of the most common symptoms include:
Fatigue and weakness: As liver function deteriorates, the body may be unable to produce enough energy to carry out normal activities. This can lead to feelings of fatigue and weakness, which may be accompanied by a loss of appetite and weight loss.
Nausea and vomiting: As toxins build up in the body, they may cause nausea and vomiting. This can be a sign of liver failure and may be accompanied by abdominal pain and a loss of appetite.
Jaundice: This is a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, and is a common sign of liver failure. Jaundice occurs because the liver is unable to remove bilirubin, a waste product that gives bile its yellow color, from the blood.
Itching: As liver function declines, bile may accumulate in the skin, causing itching. This itching can be severe and may be accompanied by a rash or redness.
Bruising and bleeding: As the liver produces less clotting factors, the risk of bleeding and bruising increases. This can be a sign of liver failure and may lead to spontaneous bleeding or easy bruising.
Swelling: Chronic liver failure may cause fluid to accumulate in the legs, ankles, and belly, leading to swelling. This swelling can be uncomfortable and may interfere with normal activities.
Mental confusion: As toxins accumulate in the body, they may affect the brain, leading to confusion, disorientation, and memory problems.
Spider angiomas: These are small, red, spider-like veins that can appear on the skin and are a sign of liver damage.
Palmar erythema: This is a redness of the palms of the hands that can occur with liver disease.
Gynecomastia: This is a condition in which men develop breast tissue, which can occur with liver failure.
There are several causes of chronic liver failure, including viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and certain inherited diseases. In order to diagnose chronic liver failure, a doctor will perform a physical exam, order blood tests to assess liver function, and may perform imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or CT scan.
Treatment for chronic liver failure depends on the underlying cause and may involve lifestyle changes, such as avoiding alcohol, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help manage symptoms and slow the progression of liver damage. In severe cases, a liver transplant may be necessary to save the life of the patient.
It is important to seek prompt medical attention if you suspect that you may have chronic liver failure. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to slow the progression of liver damage and prevent complications. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, or if you have a history of liver disease or liver damage, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible.
Dr. A. Arrazaghi. MD,FRCPC